![]() Upon closure, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes, forming so-called autolysosomes, and their cargo is exposed to the catalytic activity of lysosomal hydrolases (Mizushima & Komatsu, 2011). ![]() ![]() Indeed, the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), and mitochondria have all been indicated as possible sources for phagophores (Lamb et al, 2013). Autophagosomes derive from so-called phagophores, membranous structures also known as ‘isolation membranes’ whose precise origin remains a matter of debate (Lamb et al, 2013). Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a mechanism that mediates the sequestration of intracellular entities within double-membraned vesicles, so-called autophagosomes, and their delivery to lysosomes for bulk degradation (He & Klionsky, 2009).
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